{"id":1106,"date":"2025-12-29T09:42:56","date_gmt":"2025-12-29T08:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.in-planta.it\/glossary\/"},"modified":"2026-08-25T16:49:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T14:49:11","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.in-planta.it\/en\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-responsive-settings-mobile has-responsive-settings-padding-top has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:190px;padding-bottom:50px;--responsive-settings-mobile-padding-top:120px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-a8c041b7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-bottom:33px\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technical glossary of botanicals.<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-neweb-leaf-button wp-block-neweb-leaf-button--arrow-after wp-block-neweb-leaf-button--arrow-right is-style-default has-background\" style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1;\" href=\"#glossario\" target=\"_self\"><span class=\"wp-block-neweb-leaf-button-label\">Explore<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:25px;flex-basis:30%\">\n<p class=\"has-primary-color has-text-color has-link-color has-pp-fragment-font-family wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; Sectors<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-anchor is-style-anchor--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#food-supplements\">Food supplements<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-anchor is-style-anchor--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#flavours\">Flavours<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-anchor is-style-anchor--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#herbalistic\">Herbalistic<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-anchor is-style-anchor--4\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#spirits\">Spirits<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"glossario\" class=\"wp-block-group has-responsive-settings-mobile has-responsive-settings-margin-top has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:150px;margin-bottom:100px;--responsive-settings-mobile-margin-top:70px\">\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-5&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: true }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-open is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-5\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">General terminology<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-5\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Botanical \/ Botanicals<\/strong><br>Vegetable raw material (almost always dehydrated) intended for industrial use (supplements, flavourings, spirits, cosmetics).<br><br><strong>Officinal plant<\/strong><br>Medicinal, aromatic, and perfume plants, as well as algae, macroscopic fungi, and lichens intended for the same uses.<br><br><strong>Herbal drug<\/strong><br>Part of the plant used for productive purposes, fresh or dried, according to the definition in the pharmacopoeia. The part of the plant richest in active ingredients is usually used.<br><br><strong>Medicinal Plant<\/strong><br>Any plant that contains substances that can be used for therapeutic or preventive purposes or that are precursors of chemopharmaceutical synthesis.<br><br><strong>Dried Plant<\/strong><br>Plant that has undergone a natural and\/or artificial drying process to bring the residual moisture to less than 12%.<br><br><strong>Botanical Species<\/strong><br>Scientific identification according to binomial nomenclature (genus + species).<br><br><strong>Traceability\n<\/strong>Ability to reconstruct the origin and path of the batch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-6&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-6\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Our commercial formats<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-6\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Whole<\/strong><br>Drug not fragmented and\/or cut<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Extraction cut<\/strong><br>Calibrated cut for industrial use<br>0.1 \u2013 30 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Herbal tea cut \/ Course cut<\/strong><br>Plants intended for aqueous preparations such as decoctions, infusions or macerates.<br>Cut 4 \u2013 15 mm sieved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tea bag cut<\/strong><br>Plants with a similar cut for use in a tea bag. These are often referred to as brisure, filter cut, and granulated.<br>0.2 \u2013 2 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Powder<\/strong><br>Homogeneous solid preparations obtained by grinding the dry drug.<br>Reduced to powder 99% &lt; 500 \u00b5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Superpowder<\/strong><br>Powder with very fine grain size 99% &lt; 200 \u00b5m also called micronized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Juice<\/strong><br>Preparations obtained by squeezing the plant or parts of it, consisting of the liquid parts contained in the plant tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dry Extract\n<\/strong>Concentrated extract free of significant residual solvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DER (Drug Extract Ratio)<\/strong><br>Ratio between initial drug and extract obtained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gum<\/strong><br>A clear, hard substance that exudes from the bark of various plants following trauma and then hardens. The resulting gums are soluble and swellable in water but insoluble in organic solvents. Heat treatment turns them into gelatin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Resin<\/strong><br>Plant exudate that originates from essential oils, more specifically from terpenes, through polymerization and oxidation. They are physiological and natural if they flow spontaneously, or pathological if they result from trauma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-7&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-7\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Analytical and qualitative parameters<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-7\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bioload<\/strong><br>Total count of microorganisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Total ash<\/strong><br>Mineral residue after incineration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Granulometry<\/strong><br>Particle size distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Marker<\/strong><br>Reference compound for quality control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Active ingredient<\/strong><br>Component responsible for biological activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Humidity<\/strong><br>Residual water content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pesticide residues<\/strong><br>Traces of pesticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Titre<\/strong><br>Guaranteed minimum content of an active compound.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-8&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-8-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-8\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Manufacturing processes<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-8\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-8-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Natural drying<\/strong><br>Drying without the use of artificial heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Controlled drying<\/strong><br>Drying in temperature-regulated chambers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cryogenic grinding<\/strong><br>Grinding at very low temperatures to preserve volatile compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Steam sterilization<\/strong><br>Reduction of microbial load through saturated steam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Supercritical CO\u2082 extraction<\/strong><br>Selective technology without residual solvents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-9&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" id=\"integratori-alimentari\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-9\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Food supplements sector<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-9\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Botanicals<\/strong><br>Plant ingredients allowed in supplements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Novel Food<\/strong><br>Ingredient not consumed in the EU before 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>BelFrIt List<\/strong><br>Shared list Italy-Belgium-France for botanical use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Health claim<\/strong><br>Authorized functional indication.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-10&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" id=\"liquori\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-10-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-10\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Spirits sector<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-10\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-10-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Maceration<\/strong><br>Immersion of the botanical in an alcoholic solvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Percolation<\/strong><br>Dynamic extraction by continuous passage of solvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Distillation<\/strong><br>Separation of volatile components by evaporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aromatic notes<\/strong><br>Top note \u2013 Heart note \u2013 Base note.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-11&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" id=\"aromi\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-11\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Flavourings sector<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-11\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Flavour<\/strong><br>The overall sensation that includes taste and smell and other sensory sensations such as heat and cold detected by the trigeminal nerve. A characteristic of foods and beverages produced by stimulation of the sensory organs at the entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts.<br>A complex and concentrated mixture of odour or taste-modifying substances that, with or without solvents or carriers, is used exclusively to add or enhance a particular odor or flavour to foods (except those that are salty, sweet, sour or umami). Not suitable for direct consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Natural flavour<\/strong><br>Flavour containing exclusively natural flavouring substances and natural flavouring preparations as the aromatic component. If the term &#8220;natural&#8221; is associated with the name of the food product in the name, the aromatic component must come almost exclusively from the food product itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Absolute<\/strong><br>A natural mixture of odorous substances obtained through cold extraction with alcohol from a concrete or resinoid. Free of waxes, fats, and other non-odorous components. Readily soluble in aromas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Balm<\/strong><br>Product of exudation of a normally pasty plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Concrete<\/strong><br>Product obtained from fresh plants by extraction with volatile organic solvents and subsequent evaporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Essence<\/strong><br>Synonym for citrus essential oil but often mistakenly used for aroma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Maillard reaction<\/strong><br>Chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars, that occurs with heat, responsible for the browning and characteristic flavours of cooked or toasted foods, like bread, grilled meat and coffee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Oleoresin<\/strong><br>Total extract of a spice or plant obtained by extraction with volatile organic solvents. It contains both the more volatile aromatic part (essential oil) and the less volatile part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Essential oil<\/strong><br>A complex mixture of organic plant substances, characterised by being extremely volatile, evaporates easily, and hydrophobic, does not mix with water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Flavouring preparation<\/strong><br>Product obtained from plant material through physical processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Umami<\/strong><br>One of the five basic tastes, alongside sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. It refers to a savoury, rich, brothy flavour, caused by glutammate and similar amino acids, found in foods like parmesan cheese, ripe tomatoes, mushrooms, and soy sauce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-12&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-12-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-12\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Terms that are often confused<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-12\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-12-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Herbal Drug vs. Extract<\/strong><br>The drug is the raw material; the extract is the transformed product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Natural vs. Organic<\/strong><br>Natural does not imply organic certification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Titre vs. DER<\/strong><br>The titre indicates the concentration of the marker; the DER indicates the raw material\/extract ratio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Natural flavour vs. Natural-identical flavour<\/strong><br>The former comes exclusively from a natural source; the latter may contain synthetic molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aerial Part vs. Leaf<\/strong><br>Herba includes leaves, stems, and sometimes flowers; Folia refers only to leaves.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-13&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-13-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-13\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Technical curiosities<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-13\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-13-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why are some roots cut thickly?\n<\/strong>To preserve essential oils and reduce oxidation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why does particle size influence extraction?\n<\/strong>Greater surface area = greater yield, but possible degradation of volatile compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why isn&#8217;t color always an indicator of quality?\n<\/strong>It can vary depending on cultivar, harvest, and drying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why does some bark have high ash content?\n<\/strong>Possible natural presence of minerals or earth contamination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why can the same species have different compositions?\n<\/strong>Influence of terroir, climate, altitude, harvest period.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-14&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-left\" id=\"erboristico\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#3857444f;border-bottom-width:1px\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-14-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-14\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Parts of the plant<\/span><\/button><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-14\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-14-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aetheroleum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Essential oil<br><br><strong>Aetheroleum ex pericarpo<\/strong><br>\u2022 Essential oil obtained from pericarp<br><br><strong>Albumen seminis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Seed endosperm<br><br><strong>Amylum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Starch<br><br><strong>Amylum ex medulla<\/strong><br>\u2022 Starch obtained from medulla<br><br><strong>Balsamum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Balsam<br><br><strong>Bulbus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Bulb<br><br><strong>Capitula<\/strong><br>\u2022 Flower heads: inflorescences<br><br><strong>Caulis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Caulis: stem of a herbaceous plant<br><br><strong>Caulis (cladodium)<\/strong><br>\u2022 Caulis (cladodium): green stem or twig, which resembles and has the functions of a leaf<br><br><strong>Caulis cum floribus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Stem with flowers<br><br><strong>Conus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Cone also called pine cone: flower or inflorescence similar to an ear with bracts and woody and persistent axes<br><br><strong>Cortex arboris<\/strong><br>\u2022 Tree bark<br><br><strong>Cortex ex radicibus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Bark obtained from the roots<br><br><strong>Cortex ex ramis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Bark obtained from the branches<br><br><strong>Cortex ex trunco<\/strong><br>\u2022 Bark obtained from the trunk<br><br><strong>Cortex sine subere<\/strong><br>\u2022 Bark without cork (aubier\/alsano)<br><br><strong>Cyanobacteria<\/strong><br>\u2022 Cyanobacterium<br><br><strong>Embryum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Embryo<br><br><strong>False-fructus<\/strong><br>\u2022 False-fruit<br><br><strong>False-fructus (pomum)<\/strong><br>\u2022 False fruit (pomo)<br><br><strong>Flos<\/strong><br>\u2022 Flowers<br><br><strong>Folium<\/strong><br>\u2022 Leaf system often of a tree plant<br><br><strong>Folium cum floribus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Leaves with flowers<br><br><strong>Fructus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Includes both the fruit and the seeds contained (e.g. Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae)<br><br><strong>Fructus (pars media fructus)<\/strong><br>\u2022 Fruit (middle part of the fruit)<br><br><strong>Fructus (pericarpum et semen)<\/strong><br>\u2022 Fruit (pericarp and seed)<br><br><strong>Fructus densatus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Fruit concentrate<br><br><strong>Fructus germinatus (malt)<\/strong><br>\u2022 Germinated fruit (malt)<br><br><strong>Fructus immaturus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Immature fruit<br><br><strong>Fructus sine semine<\/strong><br>\u2022 Fruit without seed<br><br><strong>Fungus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Whole fungal body<br><br><strong>Galbuli<\/strong><br>\u2022 Juniper seeds, commercially called &#8220;berries&#8221;<br><br><strong>Gall<\/strong><br>\u2022 Gall<br><br><strong>Gelum sine cute<\/strong><br>\u2022 Gel without epidermis<br><br><strong>Gemma florum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Flower bud<br><br><strong>Germen<\/strong><br>\u2022 Germ<br><br><strong>Gummi<\/strong><br>\u2022 Gummi<br><br><strong>Gummi ex ramis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Gummi obtained from branches<br><br><strong>Gummi ex seminibus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Gummi obtained from seeds<br><br><strong>Gummi-resin<\/strong><br>\u2022 Gummi-resin<br><br><strong>Herba<\/strong><br>\u2022 Aerial part (green only)<br><br><strong>Herba cum floribus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Aerial part with flowers<br><br><strong>Herba cum radibus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Aerial part with roots<br><br><strong>Hypogaeus caulis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Hypogean caule<br><br><strong>Involucrum seminis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Seed envelope<br><br><strong>Latex<\/strong><br>\u2022 Latex<br><br><strong>Lignum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Wood<br><br><strong>Lignum (lympha)<\/strong><br>\u2022 Wood (sap)<br><br><strong>Lignum duramen sine fermento<\/strong><br>\u2022 Unfermented duramen wood<br><br><strong>Ligula<\/strong><br>\u2022 Ligulate flowers<br><br><strong>Lympha<\/strong><br>\u2022 Sap<br><br><strong>Manna<\/strong><br>\u2022 Manna<br><br><strong>Oleum ex semine<\/strong><br>\u2022 Oil obtained from seed<br><br><strong>Oleum germinis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Oil obtained from the germ<br><br><strong>Oleum-gummi-resina<\/strong><br>\u2022 Oleo-gum-resina<br><br><strong>Oleum-resina<\/strong><br>\u2022 Oleo-resina<br><br><strong>Pedunculus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Peduncle<br><br><strong>Pericarpum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Pericarp: external part of the fruit<br><br><strong>Pinea<\/strong><br>\u2022 Pine cone<br><br><strong>Pix<\/strong><br>\u2022 Vegetable tar<br><br><strong>Pollen<\/strong><br>\u2022 Pollen<br><br><strong>Pulpa fructus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Fruit pulp<br><br><strong>Pulvis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Powder<br><br><strong>Radiculae<\/strong><br>\u2022 Radicles<br><br><strong>Radix<\/strong><br>\u2022 Root<br><br><strong>Radix tuberosa<\/strong><br>\u2022 Tuberized root<br><br><strong>Hooked branches<\/strong><br>\u2022 Curved branches and hooks<br><br><strong>Ramulus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Young branch<br><br><strong>Ramus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Branch<br><br><strong>Ramus cum foliis et floribus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Branch with leaves and flowers<br><br><strong>Resin<\/strong><br>\u2022 Resin<br><br><strong>Rhizoma<\/strong><br>\u2022 Rhizome: horizontal, underground plant stem that grows sideways just below the soil surface<br><br><strong>Rhizoma cum Radicibus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Rhizome with roots<br><br><strong>Sarmentum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Sarment: runner<br><br><strong>Sclerotium<\/strong><br>\u2022 Compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves<br><br><strong>Semen<\/strong><br>\u2022 Seed<br><br><strong>Sporae<\/strong><br>\u2022 Spores<br><br><strong>Sporophorum<\/strong><br>\u2022 Fruiting body<br><br><strong>Spuma<\/strong><br>\u2022 Pure\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stigmata<\/strong><br>\u2022 Stigmas<br><br><strong>Stipites<\/strong><br>\u2022 Stipes<br><br><strong>Stipites cum foliis et floribus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Stipes with leaves and flowers<br><br><strong>Stolones<\/strong><br>\u2022 Stolons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strobilus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Cone<br><br><strong>Succus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Juics<br><br><strong>Succus inspissitus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Concentrated juice<br><br><strong>Summitas<\/strong><br>\u2022 Aerial parts\u00a0\/\u00a0Tops<br><br><strong>Summitas cum floribus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Herbaceous aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers)<br><br><strong>Surculi<\/strong><br>\u2022 Young shoots<br><br><strong>Tegumen seminis<\/strong><br>\u2022 Seed coat<br><br><strong>Thallus<\/strong><br>\u2022 body of an alga, a fungus, a lichen or a moss<br><br><strong>Truncus<\/strong><br>\u2022 Trunk<br><br><strong>Tuber<\/strong><br>\u2022 Plant that develops a thick, fleshy underground structure used to store food, water, and nutrients<br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Technical glossary of botanicals. &#8211; Sectors<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1106","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>In Planta - Botanical Plant Glossary Food Supplements, Flavorings, 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